The Central Mediterranean route from Northern Africa towards Italy and, to a lesser degree, Malta accounts for the highest number of reported deaths and disappearances during migration, claiming the lives of 19,340 people between January 2014 and April 2022. The vast majority of migrant deaths recorded by the project have been in the Mediterranean Sea, where almost 23,900 people have been recorded dead or missing since 2014. IOM’s Missing Migrants Project, the only current effort to document migrant deaths worldwide, has recorded the deaths and disappearances of more than 48,200 women, men and children since beginning data collection in 2014. Destination and origin state authorities often collect such data.
Most sources of data on migrant deaths do not include deaths resulting from internal migration or those of long-term foreign residents. Are more loosely connected with migrants’ ‘irregular migration status’, such as those resulting from xenophobia, labour exploitation or other structural discrimination.Take place after deportation or forced return to a migrant’s homeland or.Occur in refugee camps, detention facilities, or housing.
Other sources of data may also include deaths which are not included in IOM’s Missing Migrants Project or most other sources on migrant deaths, such as those that: Because these deaths often occur during irregular migration, data collection and analysis of migrant deaths are highly related to this topic. For example, the death of a Honduran national who fell off a freight train in Mexico may be recorded as a migrant death due to Central American migrants’ frequent use of La Bestia freight train route to travel through Mexico to reach the United States (US) border. As it is often difficult to determine the migratory status of unidentified remains, those found at border crossings or on major migratory routes may be categorized as migrants based on their belongings and/or the characteristics of the death. This definition is similar to that used by other initiatives, such as the Deaths at the Borders Database in Europe, except that it also includes migrants who have gone missing while traversing bodies of water on their journey. This approach is chosen because deaths that occur at physical borders and while en route represent a clearly definable category, and inform what migration routes are most dangerous. The International Organization of Migration (IOM)’s Missing Migrants Project, which collates data from many different sources, records the deaths of people who die in the intentional process of migrating towards a country different from their country of residence.
There is a range in how migrant deaths are defined. (d) Names and boundaries indicated on map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by IOM. They exclude deaths that occur once in a destination country that may be indirectly attributable to a migrant’s legal status or immigration policies. (c) Figures correspond to deaths that occurred during the process of migration. (b) Figures include both bodies found and migrants who are missing and presumed dead. Comprehensiveness of data varies by region. Notes: (a) All numbers reflect only those incidents which IOM could verify – an unknown number of deaths remain unreported thus these data are minimum estimates only. Data are compiled from a variety of sources including local authorities, surveys and interviews with survivors, IGOs, NGOs and media reports. Source: The International Organization of Migration (IOM)’s Missing Migrants Project, 2022.
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